FAITH, EVIDENCE, AND INQUIRY

1. "God never asks us to believe, without giving sufficient evidence upon which to base our faith. His existence, His character, the truthfulness of His Word, are all established by testimony that appeals to our reason; and this testimony is abundant. Yet God has never removed the possibility of doubt. Our faith must rest upon evidence, not demonstration. Those who wish to doubt will have opportunity; while those who really desire to know the truth, will find plenty of evidence on which to rest their faith." Steps to Christ 105 (1892); 9MR 202; compare Education 169

2. "God gives sufficient evidence for the candid mind to believe." Testimonies, vol. 4, p. 232 (1876); 5T 675; 2MCP 672; 9MR 204; compare The Ellen G. White 1888 Materials 410; 11MR 288; RH Feb. 13, 1900

3. "There are many who fail to distinguish between the rashness of presumption and the intelligent confidence of faith. . . .

4. "God gives sufficient evidence to every soul. He does not promise to remove every doubt, but He gives a reason for faith. And sufficient evidence was given to the Jews." Review and Herald, January 24, 1899 (4RH 13:2:4); 5BC 1097(MS 127, 1899)

5. "Satan has ability to suggest doubts and devise objections to the pointed testimony that God sends, and many think it a virtue and mark of intelligence in them to be unbelieving, and questioning, and quibbling. Those who desire to doubt will have plenty of room. God does not propose to remove all occasion for unbelief. He gives evidence, which must be carefully investigated with a humble mind and teachable spirit. All should decide from the weight of evidence." Review and Herald, Sept. 16, 1873 (1RH 132:1:3); 3T 255; 5T 675; cf. 1RH 132:3:2,3

6. "Here is a test which all may apply if they will. None need be left in uncertainty and doubt. There is always sufficient evidence upon which to base an intelligent faith. But God will never remove from any man all occasion for doubts. Those who love to dwell in the atmosphere of doubt and questioning unbelief can have the unenviable privilege. He who turns from the weight of evidence because there are a few things that he cannot make plain to his finite understanding, will be left to the cold, chilling atmosphere of unbelief and skepticism, and will make shipwreck of faith." Signs of the Times, December 30, 1886 (2ST 83:2:2); 4T 232

7. "But as real spiritual life declines, it has ever been the tendency to cease to advance in the knowledge of the truth. Men rest satisfied with the light already received from God’s word and discourage any further investigation of the Scriptures. They become conservative and seek to avoid discussion.

8. "There is no excuse for any one in taking the position that there is no more truth to be revealed, and that all our expositions of Scripture are without an error. The fact that certain doctrines have been held as truth for many years by our people, is not a proof that our ideas are infallible. Age will not make error into truth, and truth can afford to be fair. No true doctrine will lose anything by close investigation." Review and Herald, Dec. 20, 1892 (2RH 623:1:1); CWE 35; compare RH July 26, 1892; The Ellen G. White 1888 Materials 991

9. "However long men may have entertained certain views, if they are not clearly sustained by the written word, they should be discarded.

10. "I have been shown that many who profess to have a knowledge of present truth know not what they believe. They do not understand the evidences of their faith. . . . When the time of trial shall come, there are men now preaching to others who will find, upon examining the positions they hold, that there are many things for which they can give no satisfactory reason. Until thus tested they knew not their great ignorance. And there are many in the church who take it for granted that they understand what they believe; but, until controversy arises, they do not know their own weakness. When separated from those of like faith, and compelled to stand singly and alone to explain their belief, they will be surprised to see how confused are their ideas of what they had accepted as truth. . . .

11. "Those who cannot impartially examine the evidences of a position that differs from theirs, are not fit to teach in any department of God’s cause." Review and Herald, February 18, 1890 (2RH 368:1:3); The Ellen G. White 1888 Materials 534; 1SM 411

12. "Experience is said to be the best teacher. Genuine experience is indeed superior to mere theoretical knowledge, but many have an erroneous idea as to what constitutes experience. Real experience is gained by a variety of careful experiments, made with the mind free from prejudice, uncontrolled by previously established opinions and habits. The results are marked with careful solicitude. . .

13. "Faith in a lie will not have a sanctifying influence upon the life or character. No error is truth, or can be made truth by repetition, or by faith in it. Sincerity will never save a soul from the consequences of believing an error. Without sincerity there is no true religion, but sincerity in a false religion will never save a man. I may be perfectly sincere in following a wrong road, but that will not make it the right road, or bring me to the place I wished to reach. The Lord does not want us to have a blind credulity, and call that the faith that sanctifies. The truth is the principle that sanctifies, and therefore it becomes us to know what is truth. We must compare spiritual things with spiritual. We must prove all things, but hold fast only that which is good, that which bears the divine credentials, which lays before us the true motives and principles which should prompt us to action." Letter 12, 1890; Selected Messages, vol. 2, p. 56

14. "Let none cherish the idea that special providences or miraculous manifestations are to be the proof of the genuineness of their work or of the ideas they advocate. If we keep these things before the people, they will produce an evil effect, an unhealthful emotion. The genuine working of the Holy Spirit on human hearts is promised, to give efficiency through the Word. . . . the Bible will never be superseded by miraculous manifestations. . . . We shall encounter false claims; false prophets will arise; there will be false dreams and false visions; but preach the Word, be not drawn away from the voice of God in His Word. Let nothing divert the mind. The wonderful, the marvelous, will be represented and presented. Through satanic delusions, wonderful miracles, the claims of human agents will be urged. Beware of all this. . . . We must not trust the claims of men. . . . Nor can we trust impressions. . . . The man who makes the working of miracles the test of his faith will find that Satan can, through a species of deceptions, perform wonders that will appear to be genuine miracles. . . . If we accept not the truth in the love of it, we may be among the number who will see the miracles wrought by Satan in these last days, and believe them." Manuscript 43, 1907; Selected Messages, vol. 2, pp. 48-53, 100; MB 146; LDE 167, 170; Maranatha 156; 7MR 357

15. "Every individual soul has a responsibility before God, and is not to be arbitrarily instructed by men as to what he shall do, what he shall say, and where he shall go. We are not to put confidence in the counsel of men and assent to all they shall say unless we have evidence that they are under the influence of the Spirit of God." Review and Herald, July 1, 1909 (5RH 525:1:3); Fundamentals of Christian Education 530; The General Conference Bulletin, May 21, 1909

16. "If we mistake the wisdom of man for the wisdom of God we are led astray by the foolishness of man’s wisdom. Here is the great danger of many in Battle Creek. They have not an experience for themselves. They have not been in the habit of prayerfully considering for themselves, with unprejudiced, unbiased judgment, questions and subjects that are new and that are ever liable to arise. They wait to see what others will think. If these dissent, that is all that is needed to convince them that the subject under consideration is of no account whatever. Although this class is large, it does not change the fact that they are inexperienced and weak-minded through long yielding to the enemy, and will always be as sickly as babes, walking by others’ light, living on others’ experience, feeling as others feel, and acting as others act. They act as though they had not an individuality. Their identity is submerged in others; they are merely shadows of those whom they think about right. Unless these become sensible of their wavering character and correct it, they will all fail of everlasting life; they will be unable to cope with the perils of the last days. . .

17. "He [Christ] maintained his disguise till he had interpreted the Scriptures, and had led them to an intelligent faith in his life, his character, his mission to earth, and his death and resurrection. He wished the truth to take firm root in their minds, not because it was supported by his personal testimony, but because the typical law, and the prophets of the Old Testament, agreeing with the facts of his life and death, presented unquestionable evidence of that truth." Spirit of Prophecy, vol. 3, p. 214 (1878); The Signs of the Times, Oct. 6, 1909 (4ST 492:3:2); 5BC 1125; 7aBC 245 (emphasis supplied); 6Red 32

18. "As Jesus came into the temple, He took in the whole scene. He saw the unfair transactions. He saw the distress of the poor, who thought that without shedding of blood there would be no forgiveness for their sins. He saw the outer court of His temple converted into a place of unholy traffic. The sacred enclosure had become one vast exchange.

19. "The way in which Christ worked was to preach the Word, and to relieve suffering by miraculous works of healing. But I am instructed that we cannot now work in this way; for Satan will exercise his power by working miracles. God’s servants today could not work by means of miracles; because spurious works of healing, claiming to be divine, will be wrought.

20. "I am afraid of anything that would have a tendency to turn the mind away from the solid evidences of the truth as revealed in God’s word. I am afraid of it, I am afraid of it. We must bring our minds within the bounds of reason, lest the enemy so come in as to set everything in a disorderly way." MS 115, 1908; Pacific Union Recorder, Dec. 31, 1908; Selected Messages, vol. 2, p. 41-47; vol. 3, p. 362-378; "The Ralph Mackin Story," Review and Herald, Aug. 17, 1972 (see also # 27 below)

21. "The last great delusion is soon to open before us. Antichrist is to perform his marvelous works in our sight. So closely will the counterfeit resemble the true that it will be impossible to distinguish between them except by the Holy Scriptures. By their testimony every statement and every miracle must be tested." The Spirit of Prophecy, vol. 4, p. 411 (1884); Great Controversy 593 (1888); LDE 170; Maranatha 94, 156; RH June 7, 1906

22. "As spiritualism more closely imitates the nominal Christianity of the day, it has greater power to deceive and ensnare. Satan himself is converted, after the modern order of things. He will appear in the character of an angel of light. Through the agency of spiritualism, miracles will be wrought, the sick will be healed, and many undeniable wonders will be performed. And as the spirits will profess faith in the Bible, and manifest respect for the institutions of the church, their work will be accepted as a manifestation of divine power." Great Controversy 588 (1888); The Spirit of Prophecy, vol. 4, p. 405, 406

23. (A comment on Psalm 81:12, "So I gave them up unto their own hearts’ lust. . .")

24. "They [some unconverted ministers] have occasionally a flight of feeling, which gives them the impression that they are indeed children of God. This dependence upon impressions is one of the special deceptions of Satan." Testimonies, vol. 2, p. 505.5 (Oct. 25, 1868); RH May 19, 1885

25. "Impressions alone are not a safe guide to duty. The enemy often persuades men to believe that it is God who is guiding them, when in reality they are following only human impulse." Acts of the Apostles 279 (1911); Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, August 24, 1911

26. "Counterfeit holiness, spurious sanctification, is still doing its work of deception. Under various forms it exhibits the same spirit as in the days of Luther, diverting minds from the Scriptures and leading men to follow their own feelings and impressions rather than to yield obedience to the law of God. This is one of Satan’s most successful devices to cast reproach upon purity and truth." The Spirit of Prophecy, vol. 4, p. 152 (1884); Great Controversy 193 (1888)

27. "In the future we shall have special tokens of the influence of the Spirit of God–especially at times when our enemies are the strongest against us. The time will come when we shall see some strange things; but just in what way–whether similar to some of the experiences of the disciples after they received the Holy Spirit following the ascension of Christ–I cannot say. . . .

28. "As we near the time when principalities and powers and spiritual wickedness in high places will be brought into warfare against the truth, when the deceiving power of Satan will be so great that if it were possible he will deceive the very elect, we must have our discernment sharpened by divine enlightenment, that we may know the spirit that is of God, that we may not be ignorant of Satan’s devices (Maranatha 110; OHC 172; 12MR 155; 1888 p. 747). . . .New and strange things will continually arise to lead God’s people into false excitement, religious revivals, and curious developments (MS 167, 1897; 1MCP 42; The Story of Our Health Message 441). . . . Thus fanaticism will take the place of well-regulated, well-disciplined, heaven-ordained efforts to carry forward the work to its completion (The Paulson Collection of Ellen G. White Letters 128). . . . Not once should feeling be allowed to get the mastery over judgment (Letter 6a, 1894; 2SM 91; The Paulson Collection 129). . . . Many suppose an emotion or a rapture of feeling to be an evidence of the presence of the Holy Spirit (The Kress Collection 126). . . . Some open revival meetings, and by this means call large numbers into the church. But when the excitement is over, where are the converted ones? (ST Dec. 27, 1899; 3MR 27; compare 4SP 294) . . . With some, religious exercises mean little more than a good time. When their feelings are aroused, they think they are greatly blessed. Some do not think they are blessed unless they are stirred and excited. (Letter 89,1902) . . . Let God’s people act so that the world will see that Seventh-day Adventists are an intelligent, thinking people, whose faith is based on a surer foundation than the bedlam of confusion. The people are hungry for the bread of life. Do not offer them a stone." (Manuscript 101, 1901) Selected Messages, vol. 2, pp. 15-24

29. "Popular revivals are too often carried by appeals to the imagination, by exciting the emotions, by gratifying the love for what is new and startling. Converts thus gained have little desire to listen to Bible truth, little interest in the testimony of prophets and apostles. Unless a religious service has something of a sensational character, it has no attractions for them. A message which appeals to unimpassioned reason awakens no response. The plain warnings of God’s word, relating directly to their eternal interests, are unheeded." Great Controversy 463 (1888); 2MCP 590

30. "Every soul who believes present truth will be brought where he will be required to give a reason of the hope that is in him. The people of God will be called upon to stand before kings, princes, rulers, and great men of the earth, and they must know that they do know what is truth." Review and Herald, Feb. 10, 1890 (2RH 368:3:4); TM 119; cf. 1SM 416; 1888 p. 534; Maranatha 23

31. "Young men should search the Scriptures for themselves. They are not to feel that it is sufficient for those older in experience to find out the truth; that the younger ones can accept it from them as authority. . . (MYP 258)

32. "Satan is constantly endeavoring to attract attention to man in the place of God. He leads the people to look to bishops, to pastors, to professors of theology, as their guides, instead of searching the Scriptures to learn their duty for themselves. . . . (RC 369)

33. "Every human being, created in the image of God, is endowed with a power akin to that of the Creator–individuality, power to think and to do. The men in whom this power is developed are the men who bear responsibilities, who are leaders in enterprise, and who influence character. It is the work of true education to develop this power, to train the youth to be thinkers, and not mere reflectors of other men’s thought. . . . Instead of educated weaklings, institutions of learning may send forth men strong to think and to act, men who are masters and not slaves of circumstances, men who possess breadth of mind, clearness of thought, and the courage of their convictions." Education 17 (1903); 1MCP 361; 2MCP 423; RC 155

34. "It does not seem possible to us now that any should have to stand alone; but if God has ever spoken by me, the time will come when we shall be brought before councils and before thousands for His name’s sake, and each one will have to give the reason of his faith. Then will come the severest criticism upon every position that has been taken for the truth. We need, then, to study the word of God, that we may know why we believe the doctrines we advocate. We must critically search the living oracles of Jehovah." Review and Herald, Dec. 19, 1888 (2RH 270:1:2); LDE 209

35. "All whom God has blessed with reasoning powers are to become intellectual Christians. They are not requested to believe without evidence; therefore Jesus has enjoined upon all to search the Scriptures. Let the ingenious inquirer, and the one who would know for himself what is truth, exert his mental powers to search out the truth as it is in Jesus. Any neglect here is at the peril of the soul. We must know individually the prescribed conditions of entering into eternal life. . . . We cannot allow these questions to be settled for us by another’s mind, or another’s judgment. . . . We cannot trust the salvation of our souls to ministers, to idle traditions, to human authorities, or to pretentions. . . . The Lord positively demands of every Christian an intelligent knowledge of the Scriptures." Review and Herald, March 8, 1887 (2RH 117:1:1 - 2:0); The Medical Missionary, May 1, 1892

36. "But beware of rejecting that which is truth. The great danger with our people has been that of depending upon men and making flesh their arm. Those who have not been in the habit of searching the Bible for themselves, or weighing evidence, have confidence in the leading men and accept the decisions they make; and thus many will reject the very messages God sends to His people, if these leading brethren do not accept them." Testimonies to Ministers 106,107; first published in Gospel Workers, 1892 ed., p. 126

37. "When the human agents shall exercise their faculties to acquire knowledge, to become deep-thinking men; when they, as the greatest witnesses for God and the truth, shall have won in the field of investigation of vital doctrines concerning the salvation of the soul, that glory may be given to the God of heaven as supreme, then even judges and kings will be brought to acknowledge, in the courts of justice, in parliaments and councils, that the God who made the heavens and the earth is the only true and living God, the author of Christianity, the author of all truth, who instituted the seventh-day Sabbath when the foundations of the world were laid, when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted together for joy. All nature will bear testimony, as designed, for the illustration of the word of God." Special Testimonies on Education, p. 215 (April 22, 1895); Fundamentals of Christian Education 374, 375; CSW 57; 10MR 67

38. "Teachers should lead students to think, and clearly to understand the truth for themselves. It is not enough for the teacher to explain or for the student to believe; inquiry must be awakened, and the student must be drawn out to state the truth in his own language, thus making it evident that he sees its force and makes the application. By painstaking effort the vital truths should thus be impressed upon the mind. This may be a slow process; but it is of more value than rushing over important subjects without due consideration." Testimonies, vol. 6, p. 154 (1900); cf. CT 434; 1MCP 365

39. "It is not safe for us as reformers to repeat the history of the Reformers in every particular; for after those to whom God gave light advanced to a certain knowledge, many of them ceased to be reformers. We must not for a moment think that there is no more light and truth to be given us, and become careless, and let the sanctifying power of the truth leak out of our hearts by our attitude of satisfaction in what we have already attained. . .

40. "Are you daily working to outgeneral the enemy and save your children from his devices? Are you opening to them the precious truths of the word of God, explaining to them the reasons of our faith, that their young feet may be planted on the platform of truth?

41. "The education of children, at home or at school, should not be like the training of dumb animals; for children have an intelligent will, which should be directed to control all their powers. Dumb animals need to be trained, for they have not reason and intellect. But the human mind must be taught self-control. It must be educated to rule the human being, while animals are controlled by a master and are trained to be submissive to him. . ." The Health Reformer, Sept. 1, 1872; Testimonies, vol. 3, p. 132 (1872); FE 15-16;1MCP 282; 2MCP 687; CT 73; CE 6; RH July 14, 1875

42. "The severe training of youth, without properly directing them to think and act for themselves as their own capacity and turn of mind will allow, that by this means they may have growth of thought, feelings of self-respect, and confidence in their own ability to perform, will ever produce a class who are weak in mental and moral power. And when they stand in the world to act for themselves, they will reveal the fact that they were trained like the animals, and not educated. Their wills, instead of being guided, were forced into subjection by the harsh discipline of parents and teachers." The Health Reformer, Sept. 1, 1872; Testimonies, vol. 3, p. 133 (1872); FE 17; CG 227; 1MCP 281; RH July 14, 1875

43. "In some schools and families, children appear to be well trained, . .but when the system which has held them to set rules is broken up, they seem to be incapable of thinking, acting, or deciding for themselves. Had they been taught to exercise their own judgment as fast and as far as practicable, the evil would have been obviated. But they have so long been controlled by parents or teachers as to wholly rely upon them." The Health Reformer, Sept. 1, 1872; Review and Herald, Jan 10, 1882 (1RH 306:2:1); July 14, 1885; 3T 132,133 (1872); FE 16, 57-58; cf. Education 18,19; CT 24; CG 226; 1MCP 282

44. (Comment on Eze. 36:25,26, "A new heart also will I give you . . .")

45. "Why is it that our youth, and even those of more mature years, are so easily led into temptation and sin? It is because the Bible is not studied and meditated upon as it should be. If it were made the daily study, there would be an inward rectitude, a strength of spirit, that would resist the temptations of the enemy." Review and Herald, Aug. 21, 1888 (2RH 239:3:4); CT 442; FE 132; MYP 425,426; CE 109; cf. Bible Echoes, Apr. 23, 1884

46. "In the Bible the will of God is revealed. The truths of the Word of God are the utterances of the Most High. He who makes these truths a part of his life becomes in every sense a new creature. He is not given new mental powers, but the darkness that through ignorance and sin has clouded the understanding is removed. The words, ‘A new heart also will I give you,’ mean, ‘A new mind will I give you.’ A change of heart is always attended by a clear conviction of Christian duty, an understanding of truth. He who gives the Scriptures close, prayerful attention will gain clear comprehension and sound judgment, as if in turning to God he had reached a higher plane of intelligence." Review and Herald, Nov. 10, 1904; Dec. 18, 1913 (6RH 388:3:3); MLT 24; CT 452; 1MCP 98; 2MCP 447; Compare Bible Echoes Sept. 1, 1889; [see also # 44 above]

47. "It is the first and highest duty of every rational being to learn from the Scriptures what is truth, and then to walk in the light and encourage others to follow his example. We should day by day study the Bible diligently, weighing every thought and comparing scripture with scripture. With divine help we are to form our opinions for ourselves as we are to answer for ourselves before God." Spirit of Prophecy, vol. 4, p. 416 (1884); Great Controversy 598 (1888); Mar 94; RC 116; RH June 28, 1906; Sept. 10, 1914

48. "Even the work of the Holy Spirit upon the heart is to be tested by the Word of God. The Spirit which inspired the Scriptures, always leads to the Scriptures." GC Daily Bulletin, Apr. 13, 1891 (1SM 43); The Ellen G. White 1888 Materials, p. 901

49. "The Holy Spirit will not compel men to take a certain course of action. We are free moral agents; and when sufficient evidence has been given us as to our duty, it is left with us to decide our course." Review and Herald, July 17, 1888 (2RH 229:2:2); FE 124; CE 116; compare RH Dec. 21, 1897

50. "God permitted Satan to carry forward his work until the spirit of disaffection ripened into active revolt. . . All his [Satan’s] acts were so clothed with mystery that it was difficult to disclose to the angels the true nature of his work. . . . It was his policy to perplex with subtle arguments concerning the purposes of God. Everything that was simple he shrouded in mystery, and by artful perversion cast doubt upon the plainest statements of Jehovah." Patriarchs and Prophets 41 (1890); FLB 69; compare GC 497; 1SM 222; SDA Bible Commentary, vol. 7, p. 973; RH Jan. 28, 1909

51. "Christ came to preach the gospel to the poor. He reached the people where they were. He brought plain, simple truth to their comprehension. How simple His language! Even the poorest, the unlearned and ignorant, could understand Him. Not one needed go to a dictionary to obtain the meaning of the high-sounding titles or words that fell from the lips of the greatest Teacher the world ever knew." Review and Herald, July 19, 1887 (2RH 156:1:4); SDA Bible Commentary, vol. 5, p. 1119

52. "He dined and lodged with the rich and the poor, and made Himself familiar with the interests and occupations of men, that He might gain access to their hearts. The learned and the most intellectual were gratified and charmed with his discourses, and yet they were so plain and simple as to be comprehended by the humblest minds." Testimonies, vol. 3, p. 214 (Dec. 10, 1871); VSS 102; GW (1892) 183

53. "Christ reached the people where they were. He presented the plain truth to their minds in the most forcible, simple language. The humble poor, the most unlearned, could comprehend, through faith in Him, the most exalted truths. No one needed to consult the learned doctors as to His meaning. He did not perplex the ignorant with mysterious inferences, or use unaccustomed and learned words, of which they had no knowledge. The greatest Teacher the world has ever known, was the most definite, simple, and practical in His instruction." Review and Herald, April 17, 1888; August 3, 1911; Gospel Workers 393 (1892); 49,50 (1915); VSS 86; TMK 50;

54. "A little girl once asked me, . . . ‘Will you please ask the minister to speak easy words that we can understand? Will you please tell him that we do not understand large words, like "justification" and "sanctification"? We do not know what these words mean."

55. "The teachings of Christ were marked with a simplicity, dignity, and power heretofore unknown to them, and their involuntary exclamation was: ‘Never man spake like this Man.’" Testimonies, vol. 5, p. 747 (1889); 1MCP 335; cf. CT 433

56. "His lessons of truth. . . were ‘eloquent with simplicity,’ . . .His lessons were impressive, beautiful and weighty with importance, and yet so simple that a child could understand them." Sons and Daughters of God 266 (Undated MS 33); RH Dec. 25, 1894

57. "The Bible contains a simple and complete system of theology and philosophy." Review and Herald, August 21, 1888; Counsels to Teachers 422; taken from Special Testimonies on Education, p.53 (May 16, 1896); FCE 129; CE 105,106; LHU 130; RH June 11, 1908; ST June 25, 1902

58. "Present the gospel in its simplicity." Counsels to Teachers 255 (July 6, 1902); Evangelism 175; RH Sept. 9, 1902

59. "Eve really believed the words of Satan, but her belief did not save her from the penalty of sin. She disbelieved the words of God, and this was what led to her fall. In the judgment men will not be condemned because they conscientiously believed a lie, but because they did not believe the truth, because they neglected the opportunity of learning what is truth." Patriarchs and Prophets 55 (1890); CC 15

60 "A few that are conscientious are ready to decide from the weight of evidence; but it is impossible to move many with a mere theory of the truth. There must be a power to attend the truth, a living testimony to move them." Spiritual Gifts, vol. 4B, p. 2; Testimonies, vol. 1, p. 113 (Nov. 20, 1855)